Rectal cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the rectum, which is the last part of the large intestine that connects to the anus. It is one of the most common types of gastrointestinal cancers and can occur in both men and women. Research in rectal cancer involves studying the causes, risk factors, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the disease. This includes investigating genetic factors that may increase the risk of developing rectal cancer, exploring the role of diet and lifestyle in its development, and developing new and more effective treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies. Researchers also focus on improving early detection methods, such as screening tests like colonoscopies, which can help identify rectal cancer in its early stages when it is more treatable. Additionally, research is being conducted to better understand the mechanisms of rectal cancer progression and to identify potential biomarkers for predicting outcomes and guiding treatment decisions.